New research was published in October 2017 in Science by scientists from PMEL's Carbon Program.

Observations of carbon dioxide concentrations over the tropical Pacific from NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 satellite were validated by data from NOAA’s Tropical Pacific Observing System of buoys, which directly measure carbon dioxide concentrations at the surface of the ocean. Both observing systems showed that in the early months of the El Niño, during the spring of 2015, outgassing of carbon dioxide over the tropical Pacific Ocean significantly declined by 26 to 54 percent.

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